Ua ʻiʻini lōʻihi mākou i ke ao ʻulaʻula mai ka wā kamaliʻi.Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā huaʻōlelo "colorful" a me "colorful" e wehewehe i ka fairyland.
ʻO kēia aloha maoli i ka waihoʻoluʻu e manaʻo ai ka nui o nā mākua i ka pena ʻana i ka leʻaleʻa nui o kā lākou keiki.ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi nā keiki makemake nui i ka pena pena, hiki i nā keiki ke pale aku i ka nani o ka pahu pena nani.
Lemona melemele, ʻalani melemele, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo mauʻu, ʻoliva ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻeleʻele pala, ʻoka, ʻulaʻula cobalt, ultramarine ... ua like kēia mau waihoʻoluʻu nani me ke ānuenue hoʻopā ʻia, e ʻaihue me ka ʻike ʻole i nā ʻuhane o nā keiki.
E ʻike paha ka poʻe ʻoluʻolu he mau huaʻōlelo wehewehe ka inoa o kēia mau kala, e like me ka mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka ʻulaʻula rose.Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau mea e like me "ocher" hiki ʻole i ka poʻe maʻamau ke hoʻomaopopo.
Inā ʻike ʻoe i ka mōʻaukala o kekahi mau puaʻa, e ʻike ʻoe ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kala i luku ʻia i ka muliwai lōʻihi o ka manawa.Ma hope o kēlā me kēia kala he moʻolelo lepo.
No ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻole hiki i nā puaʻa kanaka ke hōʻike i hoʻokahi tausani o kēia ao kala.
I kēlā me kēia manawa e ʻike ʻia kahi puaʻa hou, hāʻawi ʻia ka waihoʻoluʻu i kahi inoa hou.
ʻO nā puaʻa mua loa mai nā minela kūlohelohe, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou mai ka lepo i hana ʻia ma nā wahi kūikawā.
Ua hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻia ka pauka ʻoker me ka hao kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he puaʻa, a ua kapa ʻia ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula e hōʻike ʻia ana.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia ʻehā BC, ua ʻike ko ʻAigupita kahiko i ka hiki ke hana i nā puaʻa.Ua ʻike lākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā minerala kūlohelohe e like me ka malachite, turquoise a me ka cinnabar, e wili iā lākou a holoi iā lākou me ka wai e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka maʻemaʻe o ka puaʻa.
I ka manawa like, ua loaʻa i ka poʻe ʻAigupita kahiko ka ʻenehana hoʻonaninani mea kanu.ʻO kēia ka mea i hiki ai iā ʻAigupita kahiko ke kahakiʻi i nā kiʻi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a nani.
No nā kaukani makahiki, ua alakaʻi ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā puaʻa kanaka e nā ʻike laki.I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hiki o kēia ʻano laki, ua hana nā kānaka i nā hoʻāʻo ʻē aʻe a hana i kahi pūʻulu o nā puaʻa nani a me nā mea pena.
Ma kahi o 48 BC, ua ʻike ʻo Kaisara Nui i kahi ʻano ʻuhane poni ma ʻAigupita, a ua hoihoi ʻia ʻo ia.Ua hoʻihoʻi ʻo ia i kēia kala, i kapa ʻia ʻo bone snail poni, i Roma a hoʻolilo ʻo ia i ke kala kūʻokoʻa o ka ʻohana aliʻi Roma.
Mai ia manawa, ua lilo ka poni i hōʻailona o ka hanohano.No laila, hoʻohana nā hanauna hope i ka huaʻōlelo "hānau ʻia me ka poni" e wehewehe i ko lākou ʻohana.Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke kapa ʻia ke kaʻina hana o kēia ʻano kala poni iwi he hana kupanaha.
E hoʻomoʻa i ka iwi popopo a me ka lehu lāʻau i loko o ka bākeke i piha i ka mimi popopo.Ma hope o ka lōʻihi o ke kū ʻana, e hoʻololi ʻia ka huna huna o ka puʻu gill o ka iwi snail a hana i kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ammonium purpurite i kēia lā, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻulaʻula poni.
ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike o ka ammonium purpurite
He liʻiliʻi loa ka puka ʻana o kēia ʻano.Hiki iā ia ke hana ma lalo o 15 ml o ka wai no kēlā me kēia 250000 iwi snails, lawa wale nō e pena ai i ka ʻaʻahu Roma.
Eia kekahi, no ka pilau o ke kaʻina hana, hiki ke hana ʻia kēia mea pena ma waho o ke kūlanakauhale.ʻO nā lole i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e hāʻawi i kahi ʻono kūʻokoʻa hiki ʻole ke wehewehe ʻia i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ia paha ka "Royal flavor".
ʻAʻole nui nā waihoʻoluʻu e like me ka iwi snail poni.I ka wā i kaulana mua ai ka pauda mummy ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau a laila kaulana ʻia e like me ka puaʻa, ua hana ʻia kekahi puaʻa e pili pū ana me ka mimi.
He ʻano melemele nani a ʻākala, i ʻike ʻia i ka makani a me ka lā no ka manawa lōʻihi.Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Indian yellow.
Iwi snail no ka hana ʻana i ka hoʻoluʻu kūikawā aliʻi
Mea maka no ka melemele Inia
E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o kona inoa, he puaʻa pohihihi ia mai India mai, i ʻōlelo ʻia ua unuhi ʻia mai ka mimi bipi.
Hānai ʻia kēia mau bipi i nā lau mango a me ka wai, a ʻo ka hopena o ka pōʻino nui, a i loko o ka mimi nā mea melemele kūikawā.
Ua hoʻohenehene ʻia ʻo Turner no ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana e ka jaundice no ka mea makemake nui ʻo ia e hoʻohana i ka melemele India
ʻO kēia mau puaʻa ʻē aʻe a me nā mea waihoʻoluʻu i hoʻomalu i ka honua no ka manawa lōʻihi.ʻAʻole wale lākou e hana ʻino i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona, akā he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.No ka laʻana, i ka Renaissance, ua hana ʻia ka hui cyan i ka pauka lapis lazuli, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kona kumukūʻai ma mua o ke gula o ke ʻano like.
Me ka hoʻomohala pahū o ka ʻepekema kanaka a me ka ʻenehana, pono pū ka puaʻa i kahi kipi nui.Akā naʻe, ua waiho kēia kipi nui i kahi ʻeha make.
ʻO ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo he kala ʻokoʻa i ka honua e hiki ke waiho i kahi hōʻailona ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa a me nā ʻāina.I ke kenekulia ʻehā BC, ua ʻike ka poʻe Helene kahiko i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i ke kēpau keʻokeʻo.
Lead White
ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi mau pahu alakaʻi i loko o ka vīneka a i ʻole nā feces holoholona a waiho ʻia i loko o kahi pani no kekahi mau mahina.ʻO ke kēpau carbonate kumu hope loa he kepau keʻokeʻo.
ʻO ke kēpau keʻokeʻo i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e hāʻawi i kahi kala opaque a mānoanoa, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā puaʻa maikaʻi loa.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole nani wale ke kēpau keʻokeʻo i nā kiʻi pena.Hoʻohana nā wahine Roma, nā geisha Kepani a me nā wahine Pākē i ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e hamo i ko lākou mau maka.I ka uhi ʻana i nā hemahema o ka maka, loaʻa pū lākou i ka ʻili ʻeleʻele, nā niho popopo a me ka uahi.I ka manawa like, e hoʻoulu ai ia i ka vasospasm, ka pōʻino o ka puʻupaʻa, ke poʻo, ka luaʻi, ka maʻi maʻi, coma a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe.
I ka wā mua, ua loaʻa i ka Mōʻīwahine Elizabeth ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ka make kepau
ʻIke ʻia nā hōʻailona like ma nā mea pena.Manaʻo pinepine ka poʻe i ka ʻeha hiki ʻole ke wehewehe ʻia ma luna o nā mea pena e like me "painter colic".Akā, ua hala nā kenekulia, a ʻaʻole i ʻike ka poʻe e hele maoli mai kēia mau mea kupanaha mai kā lākou mau kala punahele.
ʻAʻole hiki ke kūpono ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ka maka o ka wahine
ʻO ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i loaʻa i nā kala hou aʻe i loko o kēia hoʻololi puaʻa.
ʻO ka melemele chrome punahele a Van Gogh kekahi hui kepau, ke kēpau chromate.ʻOi aku ka mālamalama o kēia puaʻa melemele ma mua o kona melemele ʻinoʻino o India, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Kiʻi o Van Gogh
E like me ke kēpau keʻokeʻo, komo maʻalahi ke kēpau i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka a hoʻololi e like me ka calcium, e alakaʻi ana i nā ʻano maʻi e like me nā maʻi nerve.
ʻO ke kumu i loaʻa ai ʻo Van Gogh, ka mea makemake i ka chrome melemele a me ka uhi mānoanoa, i loaʻa i ka maʻi noʻonoʻo no ka manawa lōʻihi ma muli paha o ka "haʻawina" o ka melemele chrome.
ʻAʻole "ʻike ʻole ʻia" kekahi huahana o ka hoʻololi puaʻa e like me ke keʻokeʻo chrome melemele.Hiki ke hoʻomaka me Napoleon.Ma hope o ke kaua ʻana ma Waterloo, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Napoliona i kona hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana, a ua lawe pio ʻia ʻo ia e nā Pelekane i St.Ma hope o ka noho ʻana ma lalo o ʻeono makahiki ma ia mokupuni, ua hala ʻē ʻo Napoliona, a he ʻokoʻa nā kumu o kona make ʻana.
Wahi a ka hōʻike autopsy a ka poʻe Pelekania, ua make ʻo Napoliona i ka maʻi ʻōpū nui, akā ua ʻike kekahi mau haʻawina he nui ka arsenic i loko o ka lauoho o Napoleon.
ʻO ka ʻike arsenic i ʻike ʻia i loko o kekahi mau lauoho lauoho o nā makahiki like ʻole he 10 a 100 mau manawa ka nui maʻamau.No laila, manaʻo kekahi poʻe, ua make ʻo Napoliona a make.
Aka, he mea kupanaha ka oiaio o ia mea.ʻO ka arsenic kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke kino o Napoleon ke hele maoli mai ka pena ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka pepa wallpaper.
ʻOi aku ma mua o 200 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hana ka mea ʻepekema kaulana ʻo Scheler i kahi puaʻa ʻōmaʻomaʻo.ʻAʻole e poina ʻia kēlā ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka nānā ʻana.He mamao loa ia mai ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia e kēlā mau puaʻa ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hana ʻia i nā mea kūlohelohe.ʻO kēia "Scheler'ōmaʻomaʻo" i hoʻoulu ʻia i ka wā i hoʻokomo ʻia ai i ka mākeke ma muli o kona kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.ʻAʻole ia i lanakila wale i nā puaʻa ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻē aʻe, akā ua lanakila hoʻi i ka mākeke meaʻai i hoʻokahi hahau.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua hoʻohana kekahi poʻe i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻo Scheler e honi i ka meaʻai ma ka ʻahaʻaina, a ua alakaʻi pololei i ka make ʻana o ʻekolu mau malihini.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo Shiller e nā mea kūʻai aku i ke kopa, nā mea hoʻonani keke, nā mea pāʻani, nā lole a me nā lole, a ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, ka hoʻonaninani wallpaper.No kekahi manawa, ua hoʻopuni ʻia nā mea a pau mai ka hana kiʻi a hiki i nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā e kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, me ka lumi moe a me ka lumi ʻauʻau o Napoleon.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua lawe ʻia kēia ʻāpana pepa pepa mai ka lumi moe o Napoleona
ʻO ka ʻāpana o Scheler green he copper arsenite, kahi o ka trivalent arsenic he mea ʻona loa.ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o Napoleona he ʻano anuanu a ua hoʻohana ʻo Scheler green wallpaper, nāna i hoʻokuʻu i ka nui o ka arsenic.Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole loaʻa nā moena moe ma ka lumi ʻōmaʻomaʻo, no kēia kumu paha.I ka manawa like, ua lilo ʻo Scheler green a me Paris green, i loaʻa pū kekahi arsenic, i lilo i pesticide.Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea pena kemika i loko o ka arsenic no ka mālama ʻana i ka syphilis, kahi i hoʻoulu ai i ka chemotherapy.
ʻO Paul Ellis, ka makua kāne o ka chemotherapy
Cupreouranite
Ma hope o ka pāpā ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo Scheler, aia kekahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo weliweli ʻē aʻe.I ka hiki ʻana mai i ka hana ʻana o kēia ʻōmaʻomaʻo maka, hiki i nā poʻe hou ke hoʻopili koke iā ia me nā pōkā nuklea a me ka radiation, no ka mea, ʻo ia ka uranium.ʻAʻole manaʻo ka nui o ka poʻe he nani ke ʻano maoli o ka uranium ore, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka rose o ka honua oka.
ʻO ka mining uranium mua loa i hoʻohui ʻia i ke aniani ma ke ʻano he toner.ʻO ke aniani i hana ʻia ma kēia ʻano he kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo a nani maoli.
ʻO ke aniani Uranium e ʻālohilohi ana ma lalo o ke kukui ultraviolet
ʻAlani melemele uranium oxide pauda
ʻO ka oxide o ka uranium he ʻulaʻula ʻalani ʻulaʻula, i hoʻohui pū ʻia i nā huahana seramika e like me ka toner.Ma mua o ke Kaua Honua II, aia kēia mau huahana uranium "piha i ka ikehu" ma nā wahi āpau.ʻAʻole a hiki i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻoihana nuklea i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e kaohi i ka hoʻohana kīwila o ka uranium.Eia naʻe, i ka makahiki 1958, ua hoʻomaha ka United States Atomic Energy Commission i nā kapu, a ua ʻike hou ʻia ka uranium pau ʻole i nā hale hana seramika a me nā hale aniani.
Mai ke ʻano a hiki i ka unuhi ʻana, mai ka hana ʻana i ka synthesis, ʻo ka mōʻaukala hoʻomohala o nā puaʻa ʻo ia hoʻi ka mōʻaukala hoʻomohala o ka ʻoihana kemika kanaka.Ua kākau ʻia nā mea kupanaha a pau o kēia moʻolelo ma nā inoa o ia mau kala.
Iwi snail poni, Inia melemele, Lead keʻokeʻo, Chrome melemele, Scheler ʻōmaʻomaʻo, Uranium ʻōmaʻomaʻo, Uranium ʻalani.
ʻO kēlā me kēia me nā kapuaʻi i waiho ʻia ma ke ala o ka nohona kanaka.Paʻa a paʻa kekahi, ʻaʻole hohonu kekahi.Ma ka hoʻomanaʻo wale ʻana i kēia mau alahele e loaʻa ai ke ala pololei ʻoi aku ka palahalaha.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-31-2021